Lecture 08: 2020-10-01 — Thu Oct 1, 2020

Exam

No class previous two lectures

• Strategy:
  • Review powerpoint
  • Listen lectures
• Formation of the Universe, Solar System, Earth
  • How did planets form
  • How old is Earth
  • What is core of earth made of
  • Order of layers in Earth
  • How did atmosphere get oxygen?
  • Difference between inner and outer (terrestrial vs jovian)
• Minerals
  • ionic vs covalent bonding
  • proton, neutron, electron
  • Hardest mineral?
  • Why is hardest?
  • Which two most abundant elements in crust of the earth
  • What are silicates?
  • Why are Feromagnesian sillicates dark?
  • Softest mineral (Mohs hardness scale)
  • What is cleavage in minerals?
  • What are isotopes
  • What is nucleus of atom made of?
  • Definition of a rock
  • What are 3 different types of rocks
  • What is magma? What is lava
  • 3 type of magam: felsic, intermediate, mafic
  • What is obsidian
  • Order of crystallization in the Bowen reaction series
  • Difference between inclusive and exclusive rocks
  • What is porphritic text in igneous rocks
  • Dominant mineral in limestone and marble
  • What kind of rock is coal?
  • What is dominant mineral in salt
  • What is foliation
  • What is difference between intrusive and extrusive rocks
  • Difference between contact and regional metamorphism
• Volcanoes
  • What is a lahar
  • Most active volcanoe
  • Three different types of volcanoes: shield, cone, strata
  • What is a pyroclastic flow
  • How many active volcanoes in the world?
  • What is a caldera
  • Difference between active, extinct, and dormant volcanoes
  • Which Hawaiian island is likely to erupt
  • Pacific rim of fire is where most composite volcanoes are located
  • What kind of volcano is Mt. St. Helens
  • What type of geologic setting are the Hawaiian islands?
  • What is a Plinian eruption?
  • If Yellowstone erupted today how much ash would fall in New York?
  • what is the difference between a VEI 5 and a VEI 7
  • Which volcano was a VEI 8 eruption 74,000 years ago (caused global climate change for next few years; decrease in homosapian population down to 12,000)